Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable batteries that work by moving lithium ions between two electrodes, which are typically made of carbon and lithium cobalt oxide. This movement of ions creates a flow of electrical energy, which can be used to power electronic devices.
The basic chemistry of a lithium-ion battery involves positively charged lithium ions moving from the cathode (positive electrode) to the anode (negative electrode) while electrons flow through an external circuit, creating a current. During the charging process, lithium ions and electrons move in the opposite direction from the anode to the cathode.
Lithium-ion batteries use a variety of materials in their construction, including lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and lithium iron phosphate. Each of these materials has unique properties that affect the battery’s performance, such as its energy density, voltage, and lifespan.
Advancements in lithium-ion battery technology have made them smaller, lighter, and more powerful than previous battery types, making them ideal for use in a variety of portable electronic devices such as smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles.